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UX Research • Information Architecture
when 100,000 students can't find the 'save' button...

Redesigning How Indiana University Discovers Its Library

IUCAT serves every student, researcher, and faculty member across IU's nine campuses. I led the end-to-end redesign of its Selections & Folders system — turning a confusing, broken workflow into an intuitive resource management experience.

Role End-to-End Designer & Researcher
Company IU Libraries × HCI/d
Duration 4 Months
Focus Navigation, Accessibility, Design System
Figma Rivet Design System Usability Testing Competitive Analysis Blacklight Framework
TL;DR — The story in 30 seconds
IUCAT is IU's online library catalog used by 100,000+ students and faculty across nine campuses. The existing "Selections & Folders" feature — meant for saving and organizing resources — was so confusing that most users couldn't even find it. Through librarian interviews, patron walkthroughs, and competitive analysis of 8+ university library systems, we uncovered that users didn't understand the terminology, couldn't differentiate saving from requesting, and had no way to batch-checkout items. We redesigned the entire saving-to-requesting pipeline: a new "Save to Folder" + "Basket" dual-intent system, inline citations, contextual tooltips, and accessibility-first navigation — all within IU's Rivet Design System. The result: a design now being evaluated for development by the IU Libraries UX team.
3
Librarian interviews
8+
Systems benchmarked
5
Major features shipped
100K+
Users impacted
hero image — IUCAT redesign overview

A catalog that serves an entire university — but frustrates almost everyone

IUCAT is the backbone of IU's library ecosystem — the single place where students, faculty, and researchers search, discover, and request books, journals, and digital resources across all nine campuses.

But there was a problem hiding in plain sight. The "Selections & Folders" system — the primary way users were supposed to save, organize, and manage resources — was virtually invisible. Users confused "Select" for a batch action. The Folders feature was buried. And there was no way to request multiple items at once.

Our team of 7 HCI graduate students was brought in by IU Libraries to fix this — and to rethink how navigation works for the entire catalog.

current IUCAT interface

Users couldn't save, couldn't organize, couldn't request. The system was working against them.

Through patron walkthroughs and librarian interviews, four critical failure points emerged:

01
Invisible Save Action
Users expected a "Save" button but found a "Select" checkbox that gave no feedback. Most didn't realize items were being stored at all.
02
Blurred Intent
Users couldn't distinguish between saving for later reference vs. requesting for checkout. Some thought the checkbox was for batch-deletion, like email.
03
Hidden Folders
The Folders feature only appeared inside the Selections tab. Users who never found "Selections" never discovered Folders existed.
04
Jargon Overload
Terms like "Browse," "Call Number," and "Recall" confused new patrons. Librarians spent hours answering the same terminology questions.
How might we improve IUCAT's navigation and redesign the Selections & Folders system so that saving, organizing, and requesting resources feels intuitive and supports real-world workflows?
— Our HMW statement, framed after 3 interviews + patron walkthroughs

End-to-end ownership across research, design, and the design system

Within our 7-person team, I wore multiple hats. My core focus areas were navigation redesign, accessibility, and ensuring all solutions worked within IU's Rivet Design System.

I led competitive analysis across 8 academic library systems (Stanford, Harvard, Penn State, UVA, Brown, ACM Digital Library, and more), identifying patterns in how saving, organizing, and citing resources could feel natural.

I co-facilitated patron walkthroughs, synthesized findings, created explorative sketches, and was responsible for ensuring the final Figma prototypes aligned with Rivet's component library and accessibility standards.

team working session

Listening to the people who use the system every day — and those who have to explain it

Expert Interviews with Librarians

We interviewed three IU Libraries faculty members — a senior cataloger, a scholars' commons librarian, and an open education librarian. The pattern was consistent: new students feel lost in IUCAT, and librarians spend a disproportionate amount of time answering the same basic questions about how to save and find resources.

One key insight: IU already maintains a robust Knowledge Base with support articles, but almost no patrons knew it existed. This became the seed for our tooltip and Knowledge Base Popup features.

interview synthesis notes

Patron Walkthroughs

We designed task-based walkthroughs where students had to find, save, and organize library items — without us naming any of the tools we expected them to use. We simply said "save these resources for later."

The results were telling. Users looked for a "Save" button that didn't exist. When they found the "Select" checkbox, they expected it to enable a batch action (like selecting emails). No one discovered the Folders feature without help. And several users couldn't figure out how to request an item at all.

walkthrough task flow map

Competitive Analysis — 8 University Systems

Since IUCAT runs on the Blacklight open-source framework, I specifically benchmarked other Blacklight-based catalogs alongside leading academic libraries. Key patterns I identified:

Visible save counts (Stanford, Penn State). Bookmark/pin iconography with visual feedback (UVA, Harvard, Brown). Save-to-folder from search results (ACM Digital Library). Inline citation tools (ACM, Harvard).

These patterns directly informed our redesigned "Save to Folder" button, the Basket concept, and the new Citation modal.

competitive analysis matrix

From divergent sketches to aligned solutions — within the Rivet design system

Our design process deliberately separated wild exploration from system-constrained execution.

Phase 01
Immerse
Interviews, walkthroughs, competitive analysis across 8 library systems
Phase 02
Explore
60+ explorative sketches, iconography studies, user flow mapping
Phase 03
Align
Converge on solutions within Rivet DS, iterate with IU Libraries UX team
Phase 04
Evaluate
Continuous sponsor feedback, UX team reviews, Figma handoff
explorative sketches spread
The aha moment: saving for later reference and collecting for immediate request are fundamentally different intents — but IUCAT treated them as the same action. This single insight drove the entire redesign.
— The core insight from synthesizing our divergent sketches

Five interconnected features that transform the IUCAT experience

Redesigned Saving & Folders

Replaced the confusing "Select" checkbox with a clear "Save to Folder" button directly on search results. A new modal lets users see which folders an item is already saved in, save to additional folders, or create new folders — all without leaving the search page. Labels were updated from library jargon to action-oriented language that matches what users expect from modern platforms.
save to folder — before & after

The Basket — Batch Requesting, Reimagined

An entirely new feature: a shopping-cart-style Basket that separates the "I want to request this" intent from "I want to save this for later." Items are grouped by availability — Available Now, In-Person Only, Appointment Only, and Unavailable — with smart actions for each. Users can batch-request all available items with a single click and choose their preferred pickup library.
basket page with availability grouping

Inline Citations

A citation tool — absent from IUCAT but standard in peer systems — now lets users generate citations in APA, MLA, Chicago, BibTeX, and Bluebook formats directly from search results or within Folders. Export or copy-to-clipboard with one click. Batch export an entire folder for a reference list.
citation modal with format dropdown

Contextual Tooltips & Navigation Aid

A system-wide tooltip layer that explains library terminology on hover (desktop) or tap (mobile). We mapped 30+ tooltips across navigation, search, basket, and item pages — each pulling from IU's existing Knowledge Base content. Mobile users get a consistent info-icon pattern. The homepage now includes clear visual instructions for the search → availability → request flow.
tooltip system — desktop & mobile

Enhanced Search Results

Three additions: a search history toggle built into the search bar (no more navigating to a separate page), Item Tags derived from subject headings for easy discovery of related resources, and a Folders tab on each search result so returning users can see which folders an item is already organized into.
search results — tags, folders tab, history
final design system — component overview

Continuous validation with the people building IUCAT

Our evaluation wasn't a single gate — it was woven into every sprint. The IU Libraries sponsor attended weekly meetings, and we conducted formal review sessions with the IU Libraries UX design team.

Their feedback directly shaped the design. When the UX team questioned whether "Add to Basket" should appear at the folder level, their suggestion to move it inside the within-folder view led to a cleaner interaction model. When they pointed out that restricted-use items required redirects to external appointment systems, we added a new modal step we'd originally missed.

The UX team's response to our Basket concept was particularly validating — they confirmed that separating saving from requesting was the right paradigm shift and praised the introduction of availability-based grouping.

Designing for scale across nine campuses

While the designs are currently in the evaluation pipeline for development, the potential reach is significant. IUCAT serves the entire Indiana University system.

100K+
Students & faculty across 9 campuses served by IUCAT
5
Major features designed, prototyped, and documented for handoff
30+
Contextual tooltips mapped across the entire interface
2
Technical implementation proposals for the dev team
the kind of impact that compounds quietly

What this project taught me about systems thinking

This wasn't a visual redesign. It was a systems design problem — understanding how saving, organizing, requesting, and navigating are deeply interconnected workflows that break when even one piece is unclear.

The biggest lesson: users don't fail; systems fail users. Every "confused" user in our walkthroughs was behaving rationally based on what the interface communicated. They looked for "Save" because that's what every other platform calls it. They expected the checkbox to enable batch actions because that's what checkboxes do everywhere else. The system's language was simply speaking a dialect its users didn't share.

Working within IU's Rivet Design System also deepened my understanding of designing within constraints. Every component had to be buildable with existing patterns or achievable extensions. This forced creative problem-solving — like repurposing Rivet's dialog component for our off-canvas Basket preview.

Collaborating with a team of 7, with a real client, on a live system used by 100,000+ people — that's the kind of complexity that no classroom exercise can replicate. And it's exactly the kind of problem I want to spend my career solving.